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There are eight sovereign states that have successfully detonated nuclear weapons.〔 Five are considered to be "nuclear-weapon states" (NWS) under the terms of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). In order of acquisition of nuclear weapons these are: the United States, Russia (successor state to the Soviet Union), the United Kingdom, France, and China. Since the NPT entered into force in 1970, three states that were not parties to the Treaty have conducted nuclear tests, namely India, Pakistan, and North Korea. North Korea had been a party to the NPT but withdrew in 2003. Israel is also widely believed to have nuclear weapons, though it maintains a policy of deliberate ambiguity regarding this, and is not known definitively to have conducted a nuclear test. According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute's SIPRI Yearbook of 2014, Israel is estimated to have approximately 80 nuclear warheads.〔(Nuclear Forces ), sipri.org〕 Furthermore, according to Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists Nuclear Notebook 2014, the total number of nuclear weapons is estimated at 10,144.〔(Nuclear Notebook ), Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, thebulletin.org, 2014〕 South Africa has the unique status of a nation that developed nuclear weapons but then disassembled its arsenal before joining the NPT. This means that there are three European countries, one country in the Americas, four Asian countries, zero Oceanian countries and zero African countries which are known to possess nuclear weapons.〔Arms Control and Global Security, Paul R. Viotti - 2010, p 312〕 Nations that are known or believed to possess nuclear weapons are sometimes referred to informally as the nuclear club. ==Statistics and force configuration== The following is a list of states that have admitted the possession of nuclear weapons, the approximate number of warheads under their control, and the year they tested their first weapon and their force configuration. This list is informally known in global politics as the "Nuclear Club."〔"Nuclear club," ''Oxford English Dictionary'': "nuclear club n. the nations that possess nuclear weapons." The term's first cited usage is from 1957.〕 With the exception of Russia and the United States (which have subjected their nuclear forces to independent verification under various treaties) these figures are estimates, in some cases quite unreliable estimates. In particular, under the SORT treaty thousands of Russian and U.S. nuclear warheads are inactive in stockpiles awaiting processing. The fissile material contained in the warheads can then be recycled for use in nuclear reactors. From a high of 68,000 active weapons in 1985, there are some 4,000 active nuclear warheads and 10,144 total nuclear warheads in the world. Many of the decommissioned weapons were simply stored or partially dismantled, not destroyed.〔Webster, Paul (July/August 2003). "()," ''The Guardian''.〕 It is also noteworthy that since the dawn of the Atomic Age the delivery methods of most states with nuclear weapons has evolved with some achieving a nuclear triad while others have consolidated away from land and air deterrents to submarine based forces. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of states with nuclear weapons」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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